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How Does a Mortgage Actually Work?
A mortgage is a secured loan where the property itself serves as collateral. Each monthly payment
covers two things: interest (the lender's fee) and principal (reducing what you owe). In the early years, most of
your payment goes toward interest. This gradually shifts — by year 20 of a 30-year mortgage, over
half your payment builds equity.
The interest rate you receive depends on your credit score, down payment size, loan term and current
market rates set by the Federal Reserve. A difference of just 1% on a $400,000 mortgage means
roughly $80,000 more in total interest over 30 years.
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The Real Cost of a Personal Loan
When a bank approves you for a $20,000 personal loan at 12% APR over 5 years, your monthly payment
is $444. But your total repayment is $26,640 — you pay $6,640 in
interest for the convenience of borrowing. The shorter the term, the less interest you
pay overall, though monthly payments rise.
APR (Annual Percentage Rate) includes the interest rate plus any fees. Always compare APR — not just
interest rate — when shopping loans. Even a 2% APR difference on a $30,000 auto loan saves over
$2,000 across a 6-year term.
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Why Compound Interest Is the Most Powerful
Force in Finance
Einstein allegedly called compound interest the eighth wonder of the world. Whether he said it or
not, the math backs it up. If you invest $5,000 at age 25 and earn 8% annually, by age 65 you have
$108,623 — without adding another cent. Wait until 35 to start
and you end up with only $50,313. That 10-year gap costs you over $58,000.
Compound interest works against you in debt too. Credit card balances at 22% APR can double in under
4 years if only minimum payments are made. The same force that builds wealth destroys it when it's
working for your lender.
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